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Glossary of Aikido Terms
Aikido is a compound of three words, ai, ki, and do.
Do can
mean method, path, or way.
Ki means
energy, spirit, internal power, etc.
Ai means
matching, mutual, or harmonious.
The compound Aikido can
be interpreted to mean Way of Harmonious Power, or Method of Harmonizing with Power, etc.
Kokikai is a compound of ko, ki, and kai.
Kai means
organization or association.
Ki is
the same as in Aikido.
Ko means
shining, bright, or radiant.
Kokikai can be interpreted as the Association of Radiant Ki.
Aikido originated in Japan, and practice worldwide is conducted using terms from the Japanese
language. This partial list is intended as an introduction to the technical language of
Aikido, for new students.
Courtesy & Practice
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aikidoka
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Aikido practitioner
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aite
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partner, opponent
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dan
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rank level after black belt
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dojo
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place of practice
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domo arigato
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thank you
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domo arigato gozaimasu
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thank you (politely)
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domo arigato gozaimashita
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thank you (very politely)
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dozo
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if you please
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gi (or dogi or keikogi)
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practice uniform
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hakama
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divided skirt
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kakemono
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hanging scroll
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kyu
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rank level before black belt
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onegaishimasu
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please be so kind (as to teach me)
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O-sensei
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Great teacher (refers to Aikido's founder, M. Uyeshiba)
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rei
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Japanese bow (sitting or standing)
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-san
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respectful suffix
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-sensei
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instructor, professor, doctor, elder
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Sensei
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S. Maruyama, Kokikai founder
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shomen
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front area of dojo, focus of respect
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shugyo
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devoted practice transforming the practitioner
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sumimasen
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excuse me
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tatami
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floor mat, traditionally made of tight-woven rice straw
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zori
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sandals
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Ki Development & Stance
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ai hanmi
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same hanmi (both partners in right or left hanmi)
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choyaku
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with movement (of sayu undo and udefuri undo)
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chudan
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middle attitude, aimed at the partner's body
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funekogi undo
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boat-rowing exercise
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gedan
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lower attitude, aimed at the partner's legs
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gyaku hanmi
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opposite hanmi (one partner in right hanmi, one in left)
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hanmi
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half-body (one foot forward) stance technique performed with uke standing,
nage kneeling eight directions exercise left hanmi
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hanmi handachi
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happo undo
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hidari hanmi
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jodan
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upper attitude, aimed at the partner's head
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kamae
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stance, correct standing posture
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ki o dasu
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to radiate Ki outward
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kiatsu
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therapeutic Ki massage
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kohotento undo
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backward-and-forward roll
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kokyudosa
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Ki activity
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ma ai
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proper distance between nage and uke
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migi hanmi
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right hanmi
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misogi
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purification practice (breath, shouting, immersion,etc.)
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orenai te
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unbendable arm
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sayu undo
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left-right exercise
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seiza
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correct sitting
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shiko
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knee walk
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suwariwaza
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technique performed with both uke and nage kneeling
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tekubifuri undo
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wrist-shaking exercise
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tekubikosa undo
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wrist-crossing exercise
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tenkan
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turning forward, going to the outside
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udefuri undo
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arm swinging exercise
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ukemi
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rolling fall, escaping unharmed, the attacker's art
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undo
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movement, exercise
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zengo undo
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two-direction (back and forth) exercise
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Empty-hand & Weapons Practice
atemi counterstrike,
often to unbalance uke
bokken wooden
sword
eritori collar
grab
gokyo fifth
way to grip uke's arm
hantai opposite
hijitori elbow
grab
ikkyo first
way to grip uke's arm
irimi enter,
move to the inside
jo wooden
staff
jotori throw
and disarm an attacker who has a jo
jowaza use
your jo to throw or immobilize an attacker
jujinage crossed-arms
throw, "figure ten (+)" throw
kaitennage rotary
throw
kata form,
pattern
kata shoulder
katate one-handed
katatetori wrist
grab
katatori shoulder
grab
keri kick
kokyunage Ki
throw, timing throw
koshinage hip-throw
kote forearm
kotegaeshi forearm
twist
kubi neck
kubishime choke
hold
maegeri front
kick
munetsuki punch
(or thrust) to the body
nage a
thrower, a defender
nikkyo second
way to grip uke's arm
randori throw
many uke in turn
ryokata both
shoulders
ryote both
hands
ryote mochi both
hands grab one
ryotetori grab
both hands or wrists
sankyo third
way to grip uke's arm
shihonage "four
directions throw"
shomen forehead
shomenuchi strike
to forehead
suburi repetitive
exercise
suburito heavy
bokken for suburi practice
sudori surprise
drop to kneeling position
suki weak
spot, opening, "gap in the armor"
tachitori throw
and disarm an attacker who has a sword
tanto wooden
knife
tantotori throw
and disarm an attacker who has a knife
te hand
tegatana method
of using the arm,"hand-blade"
tekubi wrist, "neck
of the hand"
tekubitori wrist
grab
tenchinage "heaven-and-earth" throw
tsuki punch
with fist, thrust with sword, staff knife, or
spear
uchi strike
uke attacker, "the
one receiving (the throw)"
ushiro backward,
from behind
ushirotori body
hug from the rear
waza throwing,
applied technique
yokogeri side
kick
yokomen side
of the head
yokomenuchi strike
to the side of the head
yonkyo fourth
way to grip uke's arm
Pronunciation
The sound of Japanese words written in Roman letters may be approximated by following these
guidelines.
Vowels are pronounced as in Italian:
- a as
in father
- e like
the a in date
- i as
in elite
- o as
in dote
- u as
in duty
Consonants are pronounced much as in English, with some special considerations:
- r is
used for a sound which blends English r, d, and l
- fu is
used for a sound between the English fu and hu
Stress accents are not used in Japanese. However, certain syllables are often unstressed
when they appear at the end of a word, and sometimes when they appear in the middle. As examples, su, tsu,
and shi:
- gozaimasu (polite)
is often pronounced gozaimas
- katsu (victory)
is pronounced like cots
- kotegaeshi (forearm
twist) is pronounced kotegaesh
- suki (gap)
is pronounced ski
9/93
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